. . . . "Other equal-area DGGS (H3, ISEA3H), equal-area projection-based grids (Behrmann, Mollweide, the EEA reference grid / LAEA Europe), and regular lat-lon grids as cautionary baseline." . "The HEALPix family of DGGS — HEALPix on the sphere, HEALPix on the WGS84 ellipsoid via authalic-sphere mapping (Ellipsoidal HEALPix / healpix-geo / GRID4EARTH), and rHEALPix (the cube-projected equal-area variant)." . "Fitness as integration substrate across six criteria: equal-area correctness, cell-shape preservation across latitudes, hierarchical-refinement efficiency, ellipsoidal correctness, iso-latitude pixelization, and compatibility with the spherical-CNN / scattering-network / sphere-harmonic-transform ML ecosystem." . "Integrated multi-source data stacks combining biodiversity occurrence records (GBIF, OBIS, biodiversity atlases) with high-resolution Copernicus EO products and Destination Earth climate-model output." . . . . . "For integrated stacks combining biodiversity occurrence records, high-resolution Copernicus Earth-observation products, and Destination Earth climate-model output, does the HEALPix family — including HEALPix-on-WGS84 via the GRID4EARTH \"Ellipsoidal HEALPix\" approach (healpix-geo) — outperform alternative equal-area DGGS (H3, rHEALPix, ISEA3H) and projection-based grids (Behrmann, Mollweide, EEA reference grid) on the combined criteria of equal-area correctness, cell-shape preservation across latitudes, hierarchical-refinement efficiency, ellipsoidal correctness, and compatibility with the spherical-CNN / scattering-network / sphere-harmonic-transform ML ecosystem?" . . . "Which Discrete Global Grid System is the right common substrate for integrating biodiversity with Copernicus EO and Destination Earth climate models?" . . "Anne Fouilloux" . "2026-05-04T20:46:13.749Z"^^ . . . . . "NP created using Defining a PICO-based research question" . . "RSA" . "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" . "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" . . .