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name_id: 63 } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 39 } p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 58 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 61 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 51 } o_literal { lex: "6bd79248-01ce-4172-9cad-6be8ea28c0c6" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 14 } o_literal { lex: "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 60 } } } rows { name { value: "dd7969ab-011f-491b-9d96-7ff4c9258954" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 64 } p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 14 } o_literal { lex: "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 62 } o_literal { lex: "-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997" } } } rows { quad { 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o_iri { name_id: 21 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 38 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 57 } } } rows { name { value: "contentSize" } } rows { datatype { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 66 } o_literal { lex: "1304843" datatype: 1 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 22 } o_literal { lex: "https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/crate/download/" } } } rows { name { value: "contributor" } } rows { prefix { id: 12 } } rows { name { value: "mailto:rpalma@man.poznan.pl" } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 67 } o_iri { prefix_id: 12 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 23 } o_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 21 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 24 } o_literal { lex: "2023-09-11 08:38:38.270595+00:00" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "2025-03-05 00:52:20.209305+00:00" } } } rows { name { value: "datePublished" } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 69 } o_literal { lex: "2023-09-11 08:38:38.270595+00:00" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 13 } o_literal { lex: "## Rationale\n\n\nFrom 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships\' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).\n\n![Ship image](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019 images pb/Sulphur 2020 inside pic.jpg)\n\n*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*\n\nAccording to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. \n\nThe Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO\'s **Sulphur Limit** for Ships\' fuel oil:\n\n![Sulphur key changes](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019 images pb/5 changes - Sulphur 2020 - infographic web.jpg)\n\n*Five beneficial changes from IMO\342\200\231s Sulphur Limit for ships\342\200\231 fuel oil*\n\n\n## This Research Object\'s purpose\n\nIn this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).\n\n### Rohub - Adam plateform integration\n\n\nSome of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). \n\n![ADAM Platform](https://adamplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/adam-home-platfomr.png)\n\n*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*\n\nIt is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.\n\n#### To go further\n\nObviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.\n\n\n##### Looking at other pollutants\n\nBesides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).\n\n### References\n\n- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)" } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "## Rationale\n\n\nFrom 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships\' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).\n\n![Ship image](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019%20images%20pb/Sulphur%202020%20inside%20pic.jpg)\n\n*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*\n\nAccording to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. \n\nThe Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO\'s **Sulphur Limit** for Ships\' fuel oil:\n\n![Sulphur key changes](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019%20images%20pb/5%20changes%20-%20Sulphur%202020%20-%20infographic%20web.jpg)\n\n*Five beneficial changes from IMO\342\200\231s Sulphur Limit for ships\342\200\231 fuel oil*\n\n\n## This Research Object\'s purpose\n\nIn this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).\n\n### Rohub - Adam plateform integration\n\n\nSome of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). \n\n![ADAM Platform](https://adamplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/adam-home-platfomr.png)\n\n*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*\n\nIt is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.\n\n#### To go further\n\nObviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.\n\n\n##### Looking at other pollutants\n\nBesides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).\n\n### References\n\n- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)" } } } rows { name { value: "encodingFormat" } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 70 } o_literal { lex: "application/ld+json" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 54 } o_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 16 } } } rows { name { value: "funding" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 71 } o_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 53 } } } rows { name { value: "hasPart" } } rows { prefix { id: 8 value: "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/folders/" } } rows { name { value: "016d61d3-b7cb-4330-9fa1-ed59c97d8b24" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 72 } o_iri { prefix_id: 8 } } } rows { name { value: "0af4cc1f-e3ec-4a08-8698-dbabcaa85c86" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "39c8c0cf-db39-4fc4-82d7-952a72233958" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "6f1862de-ef10-404a-92de-029c04c204be" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { prefix { id: 1 value: "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/resources/" } } rows { name { value: "de7d67ed-dd70-41c1-b725-a8f1de4412af" } } rows { quad { o_iri { prefix_id: 1 } } } rows { name { value: "f5198e8a-882a-4755-ad2c-b41bf79eda37" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 51 } o_literal { lex: "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 26 } o_literal { lex: "Air pollution" } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "sulphur" } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "mainEntity" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 15 name_id: 79 } o_literal { lex: "Data Cube Product" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 14 } o_literal { lex: "Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?" } } } rows { name { value: "publisher" } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 80 } o_iri { prefix_id: 16 name_id: 50 } } } rows { quad { o_iri { name_id: 52 } } } rows { name { value: "community" } } rows { prefix { id: 9 value: "https://w3id.org/ro-id/communities/" } } rows { name { value: "c019b3ba-6789-4d37-9e1a-66cf2c50662c" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 81 } o_iri { prefix_id: 9 } } } rows { name { value: "creation_mode" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 } o_literal { lex: "MANUAL" } } } rows { prefix { id: 14 value: "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#" } } rows { name { value: "b7ea3b23-5650-42b3-bd1a-84f2fa8d7f5b" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 14 name_id: 40 } o_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 84 } } } rows { prefix { id: 10 value: "http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#" } } rows { name { value: "ResearchObject" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 85 } } } rows { prefix { id: 3 value: "http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#" } } rows { name { value: "LiveRO" } } rows { quad { o_iri { prefix_id: 3 } } } rows { name { value: "Dataset" } } rows { quad { o_iri { prefix_id: 15 } } } rows { prefix { id: 13 value: "https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#" } } rows { name { value: "DataResearchObject" } } rows { quad { o_iri { prefix_id: 13 } } } rows { name { value: "template" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#DataCentricResearchObjectTemplate" } } } rows { prefix { id: 12 value: "https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#" } } rows { name { value: "cite-as" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 12 } o_literal { lex: "Iaquinta, Jean, Anne Fouilloux, and Raul Palma. \"Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?.\" ROHub. 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