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## Rationale
From 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).
*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*
According to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships.
The Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:
*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*
## This Research Object's purpose
In this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).
### Rohub - Adam plateform integration
Some of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org).
*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*
It is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.
#### To go further
Obviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.
##### Looking at other pollutants
Besides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).
### References
- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)
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## Rationale
From 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).
*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*
According to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships.
The Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:
*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*
## This Research Object's purpose
In this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).
### Rohub - Adam plateform integration
Some of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org).
*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*
It is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.
#### To go further
Obviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.
##### Looking at other pollutants
Besides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).
### References
- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)
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https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/assertion
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom
https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/crate/download/ro-crate-metadata.json
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/pubinfo
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
2026-03-03T15:16:18.208+01:00
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces
https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/RoCrateNanopub
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/sig
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm
RSA
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/sig
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszSDYX5tuCSkP7UiCtftYPFNQVTjgNu0I5fwdML2DLRDlp0xzmsQXRk8oHuvwGvG1aMjj6cpUqO+0rz2Sg/wvHOgUpkRH8VJXvmlkhafMLCMtUtk5JIx7e+fkzCby+fnmD7kMkGLrT+OaExWwEDmNlCAt0TPKcHSdwsjso2isXjtAsGevyCMke8ufnFYpjs746JES1eNzVnHnn2Kp/lqcm60GM+J8dLgRZp7fX0anW098xhKym6+xXFzqeju0vYRIHBPerv+r7skWxwk+a7Sd8msqVeYEv6NTqnyWvyWb6Yh8cvj04N6qm/T6C5FUPLQhzSaQgMVMU6yLqjPuu9DwIDAQAB
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/sig
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature
jpMsTvxQp0mYH2yLRaWRr/STNSamxr+lEwgAlLL1SKYAhi+o24HCuzk6/9N/1FbFwOvUoa6URRdF4Z4RfLHjpjq7jjMPbkXwZRHw6Q+OWPNbTj50R6IhbzmJH0wMi3mhvnaIAPgg2OIDCAwNrXvzDI5MoYfzhEQEvAHoUKykB7jH8aDVJ4A1gkTJL9n3UWfI1dOOIsZhyAxo1qG7N+I1KkH5/4S/aX6TnBsnUUJocHYhy1MYh00HSYnxr4H9DfYdUrTfbqoC7g7FOk1/i7PFZKySpa9ffFeq9kO2lddZ1EVqLp+9h1RdbceyXc8o7ZIMrbs6AZqy2oU2GFvbp9T/hQ==
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/sig
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc
https://w3id.org/np/RAG7NqPCszWnba5HZs3jjpAClgR1ByNro6o10PvY0EUEc/sig
http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy
https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot