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Nanopublications are designed for automation. Libraries are available in several programming languages (for example for Java, Python, and Rust), along with command-line tools, which take care of creating, validating, signing, and publishing nanopublications programmatically. This is how large collections, such as database exports, are published as nanopublications in practice.

\n\n

Authentication of automatically created nanopublications works exactly as it does for humans (see \"How do users authenticate in the nanopublication system?\"): software agents (bots) get their own identity IRI and their own key pairs, declared in an introduction nanopublication that also links the bot to its owner. Every nanopublication the bot publishes is then verifiably attributable to it — and through the ownership link, to the person or organization responsible — keeping automated contributions just as transparent and accountable as manual ones.

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