. . . . "" . "Applied sciences" . . "10.13039/100010662" . "H2020 Excellent Science" . . "Simula Research Laboratory" . "annef@simula.no" . "Anne Fouilloux" . . "0000-0002-1784-2920" . "jeani@uio.no" . "Jean Iaquinta" . . "0000-0002-8763-1643" . "post@simula.no" . "00vn06n10" . "Simula Research Laboratory" . . . "01xtthb56" . "University of Oslo" . . . . "10.13039/501100000780::101017501" . "REsearch LIfecycle mAnagemeNt for Earth Science Communities and CopErnicus users in EOSC" . "REsearch LIfecycle mAnagemeNt for Earth Science Communities and CopErnicus users in EOSC" . . . "0794b11e-f889-4aba-8a1d-90e58f689256" . "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" . . "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" . "-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997" . . . 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"## Rationale\n\n\nFrom 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).\n\n\n\n*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*\n\nAccording to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. \n\nThe Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:\n\n\n\n*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*\n\n\n## This Research Object's purpose\n\nIn this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).\n\n### Rohub - Adam plateform integration\n\n\nSome of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). \n\n\n\n*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*\n\nIt is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.\n\n#### To go further\n\nObviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.\n\n\n##### Looking at other pollutants\n\nBesides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).\n\n### References\n\n- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)" . "## Rationale\n\n\nFrom 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).\n\n\n\n*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*\n\nAccording to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. \n\nThe Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:\n\n\n\n*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*\n\n\n## This Research Object's purpose\n\nIn this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).\n\n### Rohub - Adam plateform integration\n\n\nSome of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). \n\n\n\n*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*\n\nIt is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.\n\n#### To go further\n\nObviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.\n\n\n##### Looking at other pollutants\n\nBesides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).\n\n### References\n\n- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)" . "application/ld+json" . . . . . . . . . "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa" . "Air pollution" . "sulphur" . . "Data Cube Product" . "Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?" . . . . "MANUAL" . "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/b7ea3b23-5650-42b3-bd1a-84f2fa8d7f5b" . . . . . "https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#DataCentricResearchObjectTemplate" . "Iaquinta, Jean, Anne Fouilloux, and Raul Palma. \"Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?.\" ROHub. Sep 11 ,2023. https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa." . "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" . . . "POLYGON ((-25.000012 29.999997, 44.999988 29.999997, 44.999988 71.999997, -25.000012 71.999997, -25.000012 29.999997))" . . . 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"2023-09-12 07:25:07.996127+00:00" . "2023-09-24 19:51:01.426828+00:00" . "The quality of the air we breathe can significantly impact our health and the environment. CAMS monitors and forecasts European air quality and worldwide long-range transport of pollutants." . "copernicus" . . "Copernicus- Air quality" . "2023-09-12 07:25:07.996127+00:00" . . . . . "https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019%20images%20pb/5%20changes%20-%20Sulphur%202020%20-%20infographic%20web.jpg" . . "2023-09-12 07:52:45.389481+00:00" . "2023-09-12 07:52:46.306392+00:00" . "Five beneficial changes from IMO's Sulphur Limit for ships' fuel oil" . "image/jpeg" . "sulphur" . . "IMO 2020 - five key changes" . "2023-09-12 07:52:45.389481+00:00" . . . . . "https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/potential-efuels-decarbonise-ships-aircraft-v2.pdf" . . "2023-09-19 10:42:29.889446+00:00" . "2023-09-19 10:42:30.688864+00:00" . "This report examines the potential of electrofuels (e-fuels) to decarbonise long-haul aviation and maritime\nshipping. E-fuels like hydrogen, ammonia, e-methanol or e-kerosene can be produced from renewable\nenergy and feedstocks and are more economical to deploy in these two modes than direct electrification.\nThe analysis evaluates the challenges and opportunities related to e-fuel production technologies and\nfeedstock options to identify priorities for making e-fuels cheaper and maximising emissions cuts. The\nresearch also explores operational requirements for the two sectors to deploy e-fuels and how\ngovernments can assist in adopting low-carbon fuels" . "application/pdf" . "e-fuels" . . "The Potential of E-fuels to Decarbonise Ships and Aircraft" . "2023-09-19 10:42:29.889446+00:00" . . . . . . "https://reliance.adamplatform.eu/?dataset=69624:EU_CAMS_SURFACE_NO_G&feature=61acffa0eb51328b64265197" . . "2023-09-27 09:48:55.471034+00:00" . "2023-09-27 09:48:58.624211+00:00" . "Nitrogen Oxide" . "NO" . . "CAMS Surface No" . "2023-09-27 09:48:55.471034+00:00" . "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/a219dc91-cd87-455d-a2d6-3f5b83f0892c/1f8e4367-9ab1-4d3b-a8e8-b75f867673a0" . . . . "Online" . . . "https://reliance.adamplatform.eu/?dataset=69630:EU_CAMS_SURFACE_SO2_G&feature=64cbc2a1c97dc8f411d9fbe8" . . "2023-09-11 08:46:27.967031+00:00" . "2023-09-26 08:22:35.382855+00:00" . "Sulphur dioxide (SO2) from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service" . "CAMS" . . "CAMS Surface SO2" . "2023-09-11 08:46:27.967031+00:00" . "https://w3id.org/ro-id/075e9430-5949-4a09-8622-d20916994eaa/ca3936e2-7b25-4776-ae9b-d1f9f5225bb1/00d5f1f5-e931-4c9d-b916-fbfca090680c" . . . . "Online" . . "596840"^^ . "https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/de7d67ed-dd70-41c1-b725-a8f1de4412af/download/" . . "2023-09-12 07:48:26.089614+00:00" . "2023-09-12 07:48:26.798720+00:00" . "image/png" . . "2018-07-19.png" . "2023-09-12 07:48:26.089614+00:00" . . . . . "https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx" . . "2023-09-11 11:52:22.814459+00:00" . "2023-09-24 19:45:46.591339+00:00" . "IMI news: Global limit on sulphur in ships' fuel oil reduced from 01 January 2020." . . "IMI news: Global limit on sulphur in ships' fuel oil reduced from 01 January 2020." . "2023-09-11 11:52:22.814459+00:00" . . . . . "670064"^^ . "https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/f5198e8a-882a-4755-ad2c-b41bf79eda37/download/" . . "2023-09-12 07:48:39.010378+00:00" . "2023-09-12 07:48:39.769861+00:00" . "image/png" . . "2023-07-19.png" . "2023-09-12 07:48:39.010378+00:00" . . . . . . . "PSNC" . "rpalma@man.poznan.pl" . "Raul Palma" . . . "2025-11-11T16:06:32.835+01:00"^^ . . . "Has the 2020 IMO fuel regulation had any noticeable impact on air pollution from shipping?" . "RSA" . 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