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    <http://schema.org/description> """## Rationale


From 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).

![Ship image](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019 images pb/Sulphur 2020 inside pic.jpg)

*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*

According to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. 

The Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:

![Sulphur key changes](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019 images pb/5 changes - Sulphur 2020 - infographic web.jpg)

*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*


## This Research Object's purpose

In this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).

### Rohub - Adam plateform integration


Some of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). 

![ADAM Platform](https://adamplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/adam-home-platfomr.png)

*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*

It is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.

#### To go further

Obviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.


##### Looking at other pollutants

Besides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).

### References

- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)""",
      """## Rationale


From 1st January 2020 the global upper limit on the sulphur content of ships' fuel oil was reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, which represents an ~86% cut (from [https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)).

![Ship image](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019%20images%20pb/Sulphur%202020%20inside%20pic.jpg)

*Image from [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)*

According to the [International Maritime Organization (IMO)](https://www.imo.org/) the new limit should lead to a 77% drop in overall SOx emissions from ships. 

The Figure below shows the 5 key beneficial changes from IMO's **Sulphur Limit** for Ships' fuel oil:

![Sulphur key changes](https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/PublishingImages/2019%20images%20pb/5%20changes%20-%20Sulphur%202020%20-%20infographic%20web.jpg)

*Five beneficial changes from IMO’s Sulphur Limit for ships’ fuel oil*


## This Research Object's purpose

In this work we look as the **actual impact of these measures on air pollution along shipping routes in Europe** based on Copernicus air quality data. [Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)](https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) uses satellite data and other observations, together with computer models, to track the accumulation and movement of air pollutants around the planet (see [https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality](https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/air-quality)).

### Rohub - Adam plateform integration


Some of this CAMS data is available from the [Adam platform](https://adamplatform.eu) and can be imported into a [Research Object](https://www.researchobject.org). 

![ADAM Platform](https://adamplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/adam-home-platfomr.png)

*Example of data (here daily temperatures) displayed on the Adam plateform*

It is also possible, from the Research Object, to open the resource in the Adam platform, then interactively zoom into a particular geographical area (say to the right of the Strait of Gibraltar, along the track presumably followed by cargo ships to/from the Suez Canal) and change the date (for example between 2018-07-19 and 2023-07-19) to appreciate the change.

#### To go further

Obviously **a more detailed statistical analysis** would be required to minimize the effect of external factors (meteorological condition, level of cargo traffic, etc.) over a longer period of time to derive meaningful conclusions, however it does not seem that the high level of sulfur dioxide concentration from the pre-IMO regulation was reached after.


##### Looking at other pollutants

Besides SOx the new regulation also contributed to decrease atmospheric concentrations in nitric oxides (NOx) as well as particulate matter (PM).

### References

- [IMO 2020 - cleaner shipping for cleaner air, 20 December 2019](https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx)""";
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