https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/assertion https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-454X https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-0502 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher https://ror.org/025sbr097 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_694 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fair/ff/terms/article https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#FAIRDigitalObject https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Formic acid (FA) and acetic acid (AA), two of the most abundant organic acids in the atmosphere, are typically underestimated by atmospheric models. Here we investigate their emissions, chemistry, and measurement uncertainties in biomass burning smoke sampled during the WE-CAN and FIREX-AQ aircraft campaigns. Our observed FA emission ratios (ERs) and emission factors (EFs) were generally higher than the 75th percentile of literature values, with little dependence on fuel type or combustion efficiency. Rapid in-plume FA production was observed (2.7 ppb ppmCO−1 h−1), representing up to ∼20% of the total emitted reactive organic carbon being converted to FA within half a day. AA ERs and EFs showed good agreement with the literature, with little or no secondary production observed within <8 hours of plume aging. Observed FA and AA trends in the near-field were not captured by a box model using the explicit Master Chemical Mechanism nor simplified GEOS-Chem chemistry, even after tripling the model's initial VOC concentrations. Consequently, the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model underestimates both acids in the western U.S. by a factor of >4. This is likely due to missing secondary chemistry in biomass burning smoke and/or coniferous forest biogenic emissions. This work highlights uncertainties in measurements (up to 100%) and even large unknowns in the chemical formation of organic acids in polluted environments, both of which need to be addressed to better understand their global budget. Major findings:Using data from the WE-CAN and FIREX-AQ aircraft campaigns, researchers discovered that formic acid emissions and secondary production in wildfire smoke are 3.5 times higher than previously reported in scientific literature. Despite these significantly higher observed levels, current global atmospheric models (such as GEOS-Chem) still underestimate formic and acetic acids by more than a factor of four. This study suggests that models are missing key chemical pathways—including secondary production from unknown precursors in biomass burning and biogenic emissions from coniferous forests—which are critical for accurately predicting air quality and cloud chemistry during wildfire seasons. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://schema.org/funder https://ror.org/021nxhr62 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#hasMetadata https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#contactPoint wade.permar@umontana.edu https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate 2023 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate 2022 https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Emily Regalado https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-01-21T17:48:00.975Z https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ea/d3ea00098b https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/supersedes https://w3id.org/np/RAwJ8AHtqFssrIjF3e9IE_7E-5x9MSlpokZM8Iv3Roq5A https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA0J4vUn_dekg-U1kK3AOEt02p9mT2WO03uGxLDec1jLw https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAoTD7udB2KtUuOuAe74tJi1t3VzK0DyWS7rYVAq1GRvw https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RArM5GTwgxg9qslGX-XiQ-KTTUwdoM0KB1YqmT4GqTizA https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxzr6UBGMW6c8tegz0babaledWUEQ0PLDE4tp7Iinbe2DZtAtY5JUptKYuStWDZx+QER4808P8dejNWRnBDzgthYJm/AyNSXflHSJhz2+NC+h7RylOLxbwLEQocmyKKiYxa2gT85m6ajVL2M6TnfG67nnK+K2f7iCGL6wYXRITD1q+7+5SWqBdDXIV921W4IKWaD2GJk+NRBoOqQhbsrk8Tn5XsNd7DMYVHk47oMDGbeBnrOIoRPsbBgAcoCsxxhiB9yN6Lf8EUbnlXVEDzJuZk048L1BDZL+6nkA8btTQGP2ijUFWA7rTrod3LjUDQWLZS95njjl867dtmv/znYkzwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature H1qJTd9OP+C6kpqvA0trdyGZ+Qna1Jc3hphtEr59J6iDHmkIUAiXRryqsJK5OPQzxRd9ySeewojJ9BalKwT/fG6IL1lEZWwK0iG2ajw2qgiDqlIRvnsSRcUp/ul74mZ0BQcXRBuIP9sNmnoLpx+leffFsm1xRXPsaJlp/tZW/fwtPC5KRCejrgLxh+Rh51zopvg/FNrnRsKTZzNOJVIKOeXWR48chXwMnU2n0cn2WKZeRh0/KWc718z/7TByXNFNnze7oYFaxmt8q4l0f33oeub/r+bqLspXXWjZk98VRDVLBqVDIYL5U/QuoZe0klG99YrDGTZetzCWwWzuOGmnBQ== https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0 https://w3id.org/np/RAe9iciVmqXI5AhCqMqphVx0W_6vfewR_ucQm3xvI4ju0/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742