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This holds for both shallow coastal fish observed by divers and deeper shelf fish caught by trawl surveys. The claim originally made for the NE Atlantic generalises to a warmer sea with a different species pool. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAjEJL1PpNdE7lBYjHkOQidLG9iYmyRtW2Of5PCTAotMg/sst-replication-mediterranean-outcome https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConfidenceLevel https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/HighConfidence https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAjEJL1PpNdE7lBYjHkOQidLG9iYmyRtW2Of5PCTAotMg/sst-replication-mediterranean-outcome https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasEvidenceDescription Two independent Mediterranean datasets both identify SST as the primary driver of community composition. ClimateFish (15 species, 28 coastal sites, visual census): SST most strongly correlated with the main community gradient (r=-0.784, R²=0.615, p<0.001, 45.2% of variation). MEDITS shelf (230 species, 115 grid cells, trawl surveys, depth ≤200m): SST also most strongly correlated with the main gradient (r=-0.605, R²=0.367, p<0.001, 18.9% of variation). https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAjEJL1PpNdE7lBYjHkOQidLG9iYmyRtW2Of5PCTAotMg/sst-replication-mediterranean-outcome https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasLimitationsDescription The temperature effect is weaker in the Mediterranean (R²=0.367-0.615) than in the NE Atlantic (R²=0.890), likely because Mediterranean SST varies less (5.6°C range vs 10°C). 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