https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/assertion http://id.crossref.org/issn/1460-2229 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Family Practice https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract Abstract Background Mapping general practitioners’ antibiotic prescribing practices is essential to optimize antibiotic use in primary care and mitigate antibiotic resistance. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the adherence of Dutch general practitioners to prescribing guidelines for ear and respiratory tract symptoms and conditions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on Dutch electronic health records from 2018 to 2021. Antibiotic prescribing frequency and type were examined for ear and respiratory tract symptoms and conditions based on professional prescribing guidelines. Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression analyses were applied. Results Patient records from up to 384 general practices were analysed for 15 ear and 27 respiratory tract conditions. For 11 of the 15 (73%) ear and 17 of the 27 (63%) respiratory tract conditions, more than 95% of patients were treated according to the prescribing guidelines. Most potential non-adherence to antibiotic prescribing guidelines occurred for acute otitis media (31%–34%), acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis (26%–39%), and acute sinusitis (25%–34%). Several other respiratory tract conditions showed non-indicated prescribing rates above 10%. For otitis externa, many broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed, which rarely happened for respiratory conditions. High variation in prescribing frequency and type between general practices occurred. Conclusions For most conditions, Dutch general practitioners adhere well to antibiotic prescribing guidelines. There are conditions for which there is a high potential for inappropriate prescribing. High variation between practices suggests room for improvement. Stricter implementation of prescribing guidelines may help improve prescribing practice. Alternatively, a practice-specific approach could be effective. The Dutch setting may be exemplary for international antibiotic prescribing practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://purl.org/dc/terms/date 2025-06-04 https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf http://id.crossref.org/issn/1460-2229 https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Adherence to antibiotic prescribing guidelines in Dutch primary care: an analysis of national prescription data on ear and respiratory tract symptoms and conditions among 384 general practices https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList https://w3id.org/np/RAmQjW3UGrCyTnzNUlaCYlwHU9niMY2SPL47TC35ZDtVw/author-list https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaf031 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Article https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-2004 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/012p63287 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-2004 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Katja Taxis 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