@prefix this: <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw> .
@prefix sub: <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/> .
@prefix np: <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix npx: <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

sub:Head {
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    np:hasProvenance sub:provenance;
    np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo .
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sub:assertion {
  sub:phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction a <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/FORRT-Replication-Study>,
      <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/Reproduction-Study>;
    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Reproduction of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2 — MaxEnt random vs target-group background AUC";
    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q122175981>,
      <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2725298>, <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q327120>;
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasDeviationDescription> """(1) MaxEnt engine: the open-source elapid/maxnet implementation is used rather than Phillips' original Java Maxent, so exact AUC decimals are expected to differ even where direction and magnitude agree. 
(2) Only MaxEnt is run — Phillips' broader Table 2 also covered BRT, MARS, GAM and other methods, which are not reproduced here. 
(3) One species fewer is modelled than Phillips' 226 (225 here) because a species whose presence-absence evaluation column has no presence/absence variation gives an undefined AUC and is dropped. 
(4) A minimum-presence threshold of 5 occurrences is applied before a species is fit.""";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasDiscipline> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7150>;
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasMethodologyDescription> "The Elith et al. 2006 NCEAS presence-only / presence-absence benchmark — the same data Phillips used — is obtained from the rspatial/disdat R data package (data paper doi 10.17161/bi.v15i2.13384) by downloading its .rds tables and reading them in Python with pyreadr. For each species across the six regions (AWT, CAN, NSW, NZ, SA, SWI), a MaxEnt model (elapid engine, linear + quadratic + hinge features) is fit twice: once against the region's random background sites supplied by disdat, and once against a target-group background formed from the pooled presence localities of all species in the same biological target group. Both models predict at the independent presence-absence evaluation sites and AUC is computed with scikit-learn. Per-species AUC for the two background types is aggregated to region, group and overall means, and the paired difference is tested with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 225 species across 6 regions are modelled.";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasScopeDescription> "This study reproduces the Maxent row of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2: the comparison of mean predictive AUC for presence-only species distribution models trained with random background versus target-group background. In scope: the direction and magnitude of the AUC gain from target-group background, aggregated across species, and the stronger gain in regions with greater sampling bias. Out of scope: the other modelling methods Phillips also tested (BRT, MARS, GAM and others) and the absolute predicted-distribution maps — only the MaxEnt AUC comparison on this benchmark is tested here.";
    <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/targetsClaim> <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAHF_1MUfAVbXhXvj_Wtq8GsP8ZWjc9LerDhdLqhv_SzE/target-group-background-improves-auc> .
}

sub:provenance {
  sub:assertion prov:wasAttributedTo <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920> .
}

sub:pubinfo {
  <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Anne Fouilloux" .
  
  this: dc:created "2026-05-31T08:08:45.811Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
    dc:creator <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920>;
    dc:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
    npx:introduces sub:phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction;
    npx:wasCreatedAt <https://platform.sciencelive4all.org>;
    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Reproduction of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2 — MaxEnt random vs target-group background AUC";
    <https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate> <https://w3id.org/np/RAuLEjPp-4dTvPwMkfHggTto1CgjIftiGRAgHlyeEonjQ> .
  
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