https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/Head https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/assertion https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/provenance https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/pubinfo https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/assertion https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/FORRT-Replication-Study https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/Reproduction-Study https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Reproduction of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2 — MaxEnt random vs target-group background AUC https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q122175981 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2725298 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q327120 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasDeviationDescription (1) MaxEnt engine: the open-source elapid/maxnet implementation is used rather than Phillips' original Java Maxent, so exact AUC decimals are expected to differ even where direction and magnitude agree. (2) Only MaxEnt is run — Phillips' broader Table 2 also covered BRT, MARS, GAM and other methods, which are not reproduced here. (3) One species fewer is modelled than Phillips' 226 (225 here) because a species whose presence-absence evaluation column has no presence/absence variation gives an undefined AUC and is dropped. (4) A minimum-presence threshold of 5 occurrences is applied before a species is fit. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasDiscipline http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7150 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasMethodologyDescription The Elith et al. 2006 NCEAS presence-only / presence-absence benchmark — the same data Phillips used — is obtained from the rspatial/disdat R data package (data paper doi 10.17161/bi.v15i2.13384) by downloading its .rds tables and reading them in Python with pyreadr. For each species across the six regions (AWT, CAN, NSW, NZ, SA, SWI), a MaxEnt model (elapid engine, linear + quadratic + hinge features) is fit twice: once against the region's random background sites supplied by disdat, and once against a target-group background formed from the pooled presence localities of all species in the same biological target group. Both models predict at the independent presence-absence evaluation sites and AUC is computed with scikit-learn. Per-species AUC for the two background types is aggregated to region, group and overall means, and the paired difference is tested with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 225 species across 6 regions are modelled. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasScopeDescription This study reproduces the Maxent row of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2: the comparison of mean predictive AUC for presence-only species distribution models trained with random background versus target-group background. In scope: the direction and magnitude of the AUC gain from target-group background, aggregated across species, and the stronger gain in regions with greater sampling bias. Out of scope: the other modelling methods Phillips also tested (BRT, MARS, GAM and others) and the absolute predicted-distribution maps — only the MaxEnt AUC comparison on this benchmark is tested here. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/targetsClaim https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAHF_1MUfAVbXhXvj_Wtq8GsP8ZWjc9LerDhdLqhv_SzE/target-group-background-improves-auc https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/provenance https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Anne Fouilloux https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-05-31T08:08:45.811Z https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/phillips-table2-maxent-reproduction https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://platform.sciencelive4all.org https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Reproduction of Phillips et al. 2009 Table 2 — MaxEnt random vs target-group background AUC https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAuLEjPp-4dTvPwMkfHggTto1CgjIftiGRAgHlyeEonjQ https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey 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 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature 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 https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAnYD9w4jylurPK2GH4-YmKtiqyNOy8is8itzxuTgd3Qw/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920