https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/assertion http://id.crossref.org/issn/2376-5992 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title PeerJ Computer Science https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract Understanding the complexity of restricted research data is vitally important in the current new era of Open Science. While the FAIR Guiding Principles have been introduced to help researchers to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable, it is still unclear how the notions of FAIR and Openness can be applied in the context of restricted data. Many methods have been proposed in support of the implementation of the principles, but there is yet no consensus among the scientific community as to the suitable mechanisms of making restricted data FAIR. We present here a systematic literature review to identify the methods applied by scientists when researching restricted data in a FAIR-compliant manner in the context of the FAIR principles. Through the employment of a descriptive and iterative study design, we aim to answer the following three questions: (1) What methods have been proposed to apply the FAIR principles to restricted data?, (2) How can the relevant aspects of the methods proposed be categorized?, (3) What is the maturity of the methods proposed in applying the FAIR principles to restricted data?. After analysis of the 40 included publications, we noticed that the methods found, reflect the stages of the Data Life Cycle, and can be divided into the following Classes: Data Collection, Metadata Representation, Data Processing, Anonymization, Data Publication, Data Usage and Post Data Usage. We observed that a large number of publications used 'Access Control' and 'Usage and License Terms' methods, while others such as 'Embargo on Data Release' and the use of 'Synthetic Data' were used in fewer instances. In conclusion, we are presenting the first extensive literature review on the methods applied to confidential data in the context of FAIR, providing a comprehensive conceptual framework for future research on restricted access data. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://purl.org/dc/terms/date 2022-07-20 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf http://id.crossref.org/issn/2376-5992 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Aligning restricted access data with FAIR: a systematic review https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/author-list https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Article https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0464 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/008xxew50 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0464 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Margherita Martorana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-7904 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/008xxew50 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-7904 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Ronald Siebes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/008xxew50 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Tobias Kuhn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-4715 http://schema.org/affiliation https://ror.org/008xxew50 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-4715 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Jacco van Ossenbruggen https://ror.org/008xxew50 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/author-list http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0464 https://w3id.org/np/RAvOOsdsWjZUxMFhAoxntbU_Crm_z-TcRxH6k3KBG5mkU/author-list http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2 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