. . . . "Lat-lon-flat machine learning — feature extraction and detection that operate on the equirectangular projection of the same fields, exploiting only translation equivariance in pixel space." . "Sphere-aware machine learning — feature extraction and detection that operate directly on a HEALPix-NESTED substrate, exploiting rotation equivariance on the sphere. " . "Detection accuracy and F1 score by test latitude band, given a model trained on low-latitude events only." . "Globally-distributed sea-surface-temperature fields on the sphere with marine-heatwave events occurring at any latitude." . . . . . "For globally-distributed marine-heatwave detection on sea-surface-temperature data (Population), does a sphere-aware machine-learning approach that operates on a HEALPix substrate (Intervention) recover the high-latitude detection accuracy lost by an equivalent lat-lon-flat machine-learning approach (Comparator) when both are trained on low-latitude events and tested at progressively higher latitudes, measured by detection accuracy and F1 score per test latitude band (Outcome)?" . . . "Does sphere-aware ML on HEALPix recover detection accuracy at high latitudes that lat-lon flat ML loses?" . . "Anne Fouilloux" . "2026-05-06T20:06:25.550Z"^^ . . . . . "NP created using Defining a PICO-based research question" . . "RSA" . "MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAoDcOiD+jen8awiJ6DB2ewDw66PeG64hODmgNFwy7GrwQui4HKnHdvxd++1UhTgiOfycxyxBb7sXPSikLw/1TsSyPsEl0P3/+600szxpTGgLNzW+bZ2DVP3d8ERMV1aWpH0ci3B/5vmK+vXQZ4uCoq57NE0MiFg5c13Gy0gd6n7wZYEhYM4AjWSLL0QS/HY+TFZMYL9bCFeATennGrlB2UEjRlw21UB2Ah16ZZ6hxQlfctFJZE7TGnBJPB3ttTjfcOfamhjZVwQ0yV9mv7x6PGiSmkzpJTVLjn8hagoKT05YUwVQArFb+w7f6sXqvvljMigjd/Rbqgbye/lLUAZLfJSnFM58TubfpEJvXV4zNMDEoT3VQ7dokgoLgMrmjZCKATtQ7gomocoTJ1NhN2esRNtGzWaS2obL/mueUQlMlavssZnqL8WICkdAuDlwDVNbsbwEWKQ50kiPdAdduSigifxA4CM7TgvnxqZVoAResEGP6UhTTem3T4CsbEas1Caj9wa7M1jPjACu5LF5BwcVns3ZQHWLipjRjD+9/ur3G8QtuxbNhmXlDYQ6tXxB1lK+Oz7O519b3bA15ilzFl0SdvMBGTe46xaQ9DsJT18THKnPbUhNMy0dH0VtzpB+EEaXZ25Fp9VHMEUqo1lLS9e89eO3efiqkESKQ7wmB+/DlIRcCAwEAAQ==" . "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" . . .