. . . . "Traditional vector-based workflows (spatial union operations in PostGIS/GeoPandas) and raster-based workflows (zonal statistics with exact_extract)" . . . . . "How do DGGS-based workflows using column-oriented data stores compare to traditional vector and raster methods for multi-layer land-use classification in terms of computational performance, scalability, and data interoperability?" . . . "DGGS-based Land-Use Classification Performance Evaluation" . "Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) using the H3 hexagonal grid with column-oriented data stores (Apache Parquet) and analytical query engines (Polars)" . "Computational performance (processing time, scalability with increasing data layers), data interoperability (vector-raster integration), reproducibility, and avoidance of geometric artifacts (sliver polygons)" . "Geospatial data processing workflows for land-use classification involving multiple heterogeneous data layers (vector and raster sources)" . . "Richard M. Law" . "2026-01-30T10:27:08+00:00"^^ . . . . . "PICO Research Question: DGGS-based Land-Use Classification Performance Evaluation" . . . . . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyuQ7Hi/zQ7hDZtMtLWK1JKU83Kgo8NqC+b8sxD5IoiekPctXVA8iM0zD/9pcp1txGXjX/fUj5HRUkOn4RVHP3fFa/3irQYpZFQ5fHRj8MQ7kJ6AEd1oggfajDevZGz63hj6Vigo+BNYBXqhcbWVAfLfbzQPAegce9zH6n9vTqKYMrwrSxPQdhoAcoaKOqY8gRiJgzekeEr+iEqa63X1HwWtYDs7X25a9xWbgaDSsRjzZGVUVOn1vYdSfWAaIw+EB9CiJfKm1zuXcur5PDziMW1pnZG6/NQtrA7AM3gLnoSoU3glkm5UhksGNqu2SV+j8oZLg7v6C5/sg2f6LIJMeFwIDAQAB" . "az+zQadnXU8tlupsdFAmTXXi7IsGvGjdqDEQGPwlXPBJpu5iz/nvEL0+YtLoDAliQITTw850dAgHwdxwSZ2EKNJg+p5/AhPLcIs8DmDTeWpVtJwDXWlTMzcln/c0myEtK0xMvudSQpV1LB05AAt4qFGsA9gri7Tpj11gJN/GyJkzyQEDUFVt4taTXkIegxAnkpXQ/yZFgfW/qfKOb7tr5XPYJcd/flxyR8bUxHmck8kLFsDbs3OYwli3fWp++KzMVLm/XUTK//FNs5MxLYtjDREpfD6GGQbvylGv+ArLfxb4ZOYLvwrXcvCINHC59exEPF19ZjGfeHJk1x02sYh4ZQ==" . . .